On This Day — 17 March

2016

Rojava conflict: At a conference in Rmelan, the Movement for a Democratic Society declares the establishment of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria.

Rojava Revolution

2004

Unrest in Kosovo: More than 22 are killed and 200 wounded. Thirty-five Serbian Orthodox shrines in Kosovo and two mosques in Serbia are destroyed.

2004 unrest in Kosovo

2003

Leader of the House of Commons and Lord President of the Council, Robin Cook, resigns from the British Cabinet in disagreement with government plans for the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Leader of the House of Commons

2000

Five hundred and thirty members of the Ugandan cult Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God die in a fire, considered to be a mass murder or suicide orchestrated by leaders of the cult. Elsewhere another 248 members are later found dead.

Uganda

1992

Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires: Car bomb attack kills 29 and injures 242.

1992 Buenos Aires Israeli embassy bombing

1992

A referendum to end apartheid in South Africa is passed 68.7% to 31.2%.

1992 South African apartheid referendum

1988

A Colombian Boeing 727 jetliner, Avianca Flight 410, crashes into a mountainside near the Venezuelan border killing 143.

Colombia

1988

Eritrean War of Independence: The Nadew Command, an Ethiopian army corps in Eritrea, is attacked on three sides by military units of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front in the opening action of the Battle of Afabet.

Eritrean War of Independence

1985

Serial killer Richard Ramirez, aka the "Night Stalker", commits the first two murders in his Los Angeles murder spree.

Richard Ramirez

1979

The Penmanshiel Tunnel collapses during engineering works, killing two workers.

Penmanshiel Tunnel

1979

Aeroflot Flight 1691 crashes on approach to Vnukovo International Airport, killing 58.

Aeroflot Flight 1691

1973

The Pulitzer Prize–winning photograph Burst of Joy is taken, depicting a former prisoner of war being reunited with his family, which came to symbolize the end of United States involvement in the Vietnam War.

Pulitzer Prize

1969

Golda Meir becomes the first female Prime Minister of Israel.

Golda Meir

1968

As a result of nerve gas testing by the U.S. Army Chemical Corps in Skull Valley, Utah, over 6,000 sheep are found dead.

Nerve agent

1966

Off the coast of Spain in the Mediterranean, the DSV Alvin submarine finds a missing American hydrogen bomb.

DSV Alvin

1963

Mount Agung erupts on Bali killing more than 1,100 people.

Mount Agung

1960

U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the National Security Council directive on the anti-Cuban covert action program that will ultimately lead to the Bay of Pigs Invasion.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

1960

Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 710 crashes in Tobin Township, Perry County, Indiana, killing 63.

Northwest Airlines Flight 710

1958

The United States launches the first solar-powered satellite, which is also the first satellite to achieve a long-term orbit.

Vanguard 1

1957

A plane crash in Cebu, Philippines kills Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay and 24 others.

1957 Cebu Douglas C-47 crash

1950

Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley announce the creation of element 98, which they name "californium".

University of California, Berkeley

1948

Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom sign the Treaty of Brussels, a precursor to the North Atlantic Treaty establishing NATO.

Belgium

1945

World War II: The Ludendorff Bridge in Remagen, Germany, collapses, ten days after its capture.

World War II

1942

Holocaust: The first Jews from the Lvov Ghetto are gassed at the Belzec death camp in what is today eastern Poland.

The Holocaust

1921

The Second Polish Republic adopts the March Constitution.

Second Polish Republic

1891

SS Utopia collides with HMS Anson in the Bay of Gibraltar and sinks, killing 562 of the 880 passengers on board.

SS Utopia

1862

The first railway line of Finland between cities of Helsinki and Hämeenlinna, called Päärata, is officially opened.

Rail transport in Finland

1861

The Kingdom of Italy is proclaimed.

Kingdom of Italy

1860

The First Taranaki War begins in Taranaki, New Zealand, a major phase of the New Zealand Wars.

First Taranaki War

1842

The Female Relief Society of Nauvoo is formally organized with Emma Smith as president.

Relief Society

1824

The Anglo-Dutch Treaty is signed in London, dividing the Malay archipelago. As a result, the Malay Peninsula is dominated by the British, while Sumatra and Java and surrounding areas are dominated by the Dutch.

Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824

1805

The Italian Republic, with Napoleon as president, becomes the Kingdom of Italy, with Napoleon as King of Italy.

Italian Republic (Napoleonic)

1776

American Revolutionary War: The British Army evacuates Boston, ending the Siege of Boston, after George Washington and Henry Knox place artillery in positions overlooking the city.

American Revolutionary War

1400

Turko-Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus.

Turco-Mongol tradition

1337

Edward the Black Prince is made Duke of Cornwall, the first duchy in England.

Edward the Black Prince

455

Petronius Maximus becomes, with support of the Roman Senate, emperor of the Western Roman Empire; he forces Licinia Eudoxia, the widow of his predecessor, Valentinian III, to marry him.

Petronius Maximus

180

Commodus becomes sole emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of eighteen, following the death of his father, Marcus Aurelius.

Commodus

-45

In his last victory, Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger in the Battle of Munda.

Julius Caesar